BLANK Essays - Copiap Mining Accident, Lawrence Of Rome,

COPIAPO, Chile (Reuters) ? Most of Chile's 33 rescued miners are honoring a pact of silence about the worst of their ordeal, but one indicated on Sunday he would talk if paid and another set the record straight about what didn't happen. Lucrative movie and book deals have been flowing in since the miners' miraculous rescue on Wednesday after 69 days trapped half a mile underground after a cave-in, and several are now looking to safeguard their financial future. So far, most of the men have not yet spoken of the very worst moments of their ordeal in a hot, humid tunnel 2,050 feet underground, particularly during the agonizing 17 days before they were found alive. The rescue was watched by hundreds of millions of people, a survival story that captured the world's imagination. "We can't talk about those things, because there is a pact. We can't talk about the period from the cave-in until we escaped," said Mario Gomez, who at 63 is the oldest of the miners, as he helped his family dismantle the tent at "Camp Hope," the settlement they erected after the accident. Fellow miner Omar Reygada said the pact aimed to ensure the real story was told about the days after the August 5 collapse. Some of the miners have said they were planning a book, and several said they had not yet decided as a group on the sale of rights to their story. "There's an agreement for us to speak as a group, to avoid distortions that can arise when we speak individually," he said. Click image to see photos of Chilean miners AFP/Claudio Santana [Related Video: Five touching moments for the mine rescue] Still, miner Jorge Galleguillos said the pact was non-binding, and told Reuters he would tell his story for a fee. He refused to speak in detail otherwise. "I have to think about myself," he said after attending a religious ceremony at the mine and touring the tent settlement where his family waited for his rescue. Mario Sepulveda, a joker and the most charismatic of the miners, who thrilled the world when he emerged from the escape capsule that hoisted the men to safety with a bag of souvenir rocks, has already tested the pact's limits. In an interview with Britain's Mail on Sunday, Sepulveda said he had at times lost hope of being rescued and had played dead in a macabre joke on the other miners. He rejected the suggestion that the men had sex while trapped underground or that he had considered cannibalism. "The reason I am speaking is that people have been gossiping and saying things and I think it is important for one of us, me in this case, to tell it as it was down there, but also to answer some of the things that people are getting wrong," he told the paper. "Saying we had sex down there with each other is just plain wrong," he added. "There are some things I will never talk about. But they are things that would embarrass some of the kids (younger miners). Nothing sexual, more that they acted like kids."

Financial ratio Essays

Financial ratio Essays Financial ratio Essay Financial ratio Essay You have been asked to identify a range of sources of finance available to Fort Sport Ltd. These can include raising funds through a combination of finance areas. Please identify at least three sources. Fort Sport Ltd is a small private company who began trading in April 2013. The company supplies fitness products online to the public and specializing in mid range sporting goods and equipment. In 2014, it wishes to increase Its activity in the market and as such need to identify a variety of options for finance. As a manager of the Fort Ltd I have to consider the available options to enhance our company to be able to reach our goals to expand our activities and increase income generated by new products, and new marketing projects. Have to identify at least 3 possible sources of financing for our company. Here, I need to make a note that there is a company called The Beneath Group and they would be interested to invest into Fort Sports Ltd, however we also need to do research and analysis to explore the costs in such an investment, and also focus on market research regarding internet related businesses that is expected to grow throughout in the I-J and also world wide. If all these above mentioned points could meet and satisfy both sides the decision can be made for an agreement of an investment by The Beneath Group that is based on facts by our research. : As our company the Fort Sport Ltd is a small company it identifies as SAME or Small or Medium Enterprise. Therefore, our finance opportunities are limited to the options for Games. However, there are still many available financing options to small and medium businesses. SAME in definition Just to clarify what is an SAME I point out that a company with less than 500 employees that will be described as SAME. Other definitions for small businesses: Micro enterprises: those with between one and nine employees Small enterprises: those with ten to 99 employees Medium enterprises: those with 100-499 employees There are two type of findings available for business: -Short term finances -Long term finances It depends on how big is the business and so will be decided what finance source will be used, for a small business its different than for a large corporation. Short-term finances typically finance available for less than year: -Bank overdraft -Bank loans (Short term) -Loans from family and friends Trade credits -Leasing of assets (short or medium term) Eng-term finances typically finance available for more than a year: -Bank borrowings for long term -Secured bank loan on the property or shared capitals -Mortgages on the property -Grants and loans from other organizations or government -Venture capital Finance sources available for Fort Sport Ltd according to my research as lining manager: Option Number 1. The Blue Chip Investments There is an option to get investment from larger companies, especially with the time of new advanced technologies. The hope for a larger profit income is ore certain due to some real success-stories from the last few years, thanks to the constantly growing possibilities over the Internet. Although, the bulk of their investment portfolio is in large steady companies known as blue chips, they often invest in Seems in order to provide a more balanced range of investments, which have potential for higher growth. But this option only recommend to the executives if we have a larger future plan for example a new online sale project that expands to abroad globally. It is require serious planning and a reliable strategy with calculated financial growth. Option Number 2. Small Loans, Bank Loans, Private Loans, Family Loans Based on the numbers seen below consider our company rather small and therefore I would also keep more simple financing options that might be available for Fort Sport Ltd such as Bank Loans and Private or Family Loans. To take too big steps at the time is risky so I would rather recommend one small step at the time and step by step slowly but surely reach our goals. It is probably more suitable for the owners too, as it is a family owned business and to get a large corporation Or Founding Agency involved into the business s a risk that they might as well send a CEO to supervise their investment and the direction of the Fort Sport Ltd. s business strategy would also be at risk to change in the favor of the new investors, and it might not make happy the original owners, the family. Assets Fixed Assets 10000 Accumulated Depreciation 1000 Total Fixed Assets 9000 Current Assets Stock 2500 Debtors 1500 Bank 12500 Total Current Assets 16500 Total Assets Liabilities 25,500 Creditors 3000 Loan 2000 Credit card 750 Total Liabilities 5750 Total Assets Liabilities Equity 19750 Capital Retained Profit 16250 Total Equity 1 8250 Option Number 3. MOB as a Management Buy Out believe Fort Sport Ltd is still small company to get into the stock exchange market, and I will look further options to get the necessary financing from other sources. I would not risk a Bobs in other words a Boy Outs from a larger organization as keep that option for the time only when the Fort Sport Ltd as a company fails to produce income growth and would get into a financial crisis. However, an MOB (Management Buy Out is still a considerable opportunity to get financed and also get our Management more involved into the business and the future of the Fort Sport Ltd. As it is a well known fact that if employees of a firm or company are shareholders then they share a mutual interest with the owners to make the company successful. I believe this is a good way of financing Of the Fort Sport Ltd. Over the years it produced a significant growth and reached to a stage where more funding sources must be considered to be able to continue to be successful on the market. To clarify what does an MOB means: Management Buy Outs (Mobs) has led to the search for better ways of financing Games. This is where the management of the business is given the opportunity to buy ownership and matron of a firm, in the hope they can improve the productivity of the business. Option Number 4. Investment from another company It is to accept the offer for investment from the Beneath Group, which is a company that showed interest to invest into the Fort Sport Ltd. I am as a Manager of the Fort Sport Ltd would be interested about such an arrangements but it needs to be analyses first what is the cost of this kind of agreement for us and also investigate what do we benefit from such a contract and what is against it. Important to see the positive and negative effects of this arrangement for the future of our company the Fort Sport Ltd. Ownership percentages, etc. Option Number 5. Combined financial sources Me personally think this would be the best solution for financing the F-rotor Sport Ltd for the future as we are still not big enough as business to get financed according to a large companies opportunities, such as Stock Market, etc. We still need to be more realistic as our current fixed assets are not enough to secure us a long-term loan from a Bank for example, so we need to look for Private Investors, maybe groups such as The Beneath Group and also for loans fixed by family and friends, employees and maybe to combine these two elements would bring us the best results. To accept a smaller % investment from the Beneath Group in return they will get a smaller part in % of the ownership in the Fort Sport Ltd and as well as the loans from family members, private investors, employees, managers would be offered a chance for become an owner in part of the business of the Fort Sport Ltd. These type of financing nowadays are getting more popular as the company do not rely on a Bank entirely or another Finance Management Group instead deals with TTS own financing behind closed doors with the employees, managers and family members whos becoming a shareholder of the company. Conclusion And if the help available from an outside entity such as Besom Gregory who manages SAME to get the best finances available for them and ensure the best growth then would definitely get into such a partnership too, to find our best finance solutions! 1. 2 What are the legal, financial and dilution of control implications (percentage ownerships) and a risk of bankruptcy? 1 . In the area of Financing -? Funds are procured from long-term sources as well as short-term sources. Long-term funds may be made available by owners, shareholders, lenders through issue of debentures / bonds, from financial institutions, banks and public at large. Short-term funds may be procured from commercial banks, suppliers of goods, public deposits etc. The finance manager has to decide on optimum capital structure with a view to maximize shareholders wealth. Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which return to shareholders can be increased. . For evaluating capital expenditure (investment) decisions, a finance manager uses various methods such as average rate of return, payback, maternal rate of return, net present value and profitability index. 3. In the area of working capital management there are various methods for efficient utilization of current resources at the disposal of the firm, thus increasing profitability. The centralized method of cash management is considered a better method of managing liquid resources of the firm. 4. In the area of dividend decision, a firm is faced with the problem of declaring dividend or postponing dividend declaration, a problem of internal financing. There are tools to tackle such situation. 5. For the evaluation of a firms performance there are different methods. For example, ratio analysis is a popular technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm. 6. The main concern of the finance manager is to provide adequate funds from the best possible source, at the right time and the minimum cost and to ensure that the funds so acquired are put to best possible use through various methods / techniques are used to determine that funds have been procured from the best possible available services and the funds have been used in the best possible way: Funds flow and cash flow statements and projected financial statements help a lot in this regard. The legal implications are to calculate % of ownership after each investments correctly and officially get investors as shareholders of the company. Partnership with Beneath Group -? with legally correct contract to make it clear what will be the role of the Beneath Group as only investors or they want to become involved in the business of Fort Sport Ltd as active participants of the work -Calculate cost for such actions -Make business strategy planning for the future to set our goals where do we wan t to be from this point a year later Risk of Bankruptcy and profit minimization objective gives rise to a number f problems as below: 1. Profit minimization concept should be considered in relation to risks involved. There is a direct relationship between risk and profit. Many risky propositions yield high profit. Higher the risk, higher is the possibility of profits. If profit minimization is the only goal, then risk factor is altogether ignored. 2. Profit minimization, as an objective does not take into account time pattern of return. Proposal A may give a higher amount of profits compared to proposal B, yet if the returns begin to flow say 10 years later, proposal B may be preferred which may have lower overall profits but the returns flow is ore early and quick. 3. Profit minimization, as an objective is too narrow. It fails to take into account the social considerations as also the obligations to various interests of workers, consumers, society as well as ethical trade practices. Further, most business leaders believe that adoption of ethical standards strengthen their competitive positions. 4. Profits do not necessarily result in cash flows available to the stockholder. Owners receive cash flow in the form of either cash dividends paid to them or proceeds from selling their shares for a higher price than paid initially. Modern Approach The alternative to profit minimization is wealth minimization. This is also known as Value minimization or Net Present Worth (NP) minimization. Value is represented by the market price of the companys equity shares. Prices in the share market at a given point of time, are the result of many factors like general economic outlook, particular outlook if the companies under consideration, technical factors and even mass psychology. However taken on a long-term basis, the share market prices of a companys shares do reflect the value, which the various parties put on a company. Normally, the value is a function of two factors: The likely rate of earnings per share of a company (PEPS) and The capitalization rate PEPS are calculated by dividing the periods total earnings available for the firms common shares by the number of shares of common shares outstanding. The likely rate of Earnings Per Share (PEPS) depends on the assessment as to how profitably a company is going to operate in the future. The capitalization rate reflects the liking of the investors for a company. If the company earns a higher rate of earning per share through risky operations or sky financing pattern, the investors will not look upon its shares with favor. To that extent, the market value of the shares of such a company will be low. If a company invests its fund in risky ventures, the investors will put in their money if they get higher return as compared to that from a low risk share. The market value of a firm is a function of the earning per share and the capitalization rate. The important issues relating to maximizing share prices are Economic Value Added (EVA) and the focus on stakeholders. Economic Value Added (EVA) is a popular measure used by many firms to determine whether an investment proposed or existing contribute positively to the owners wealth. EVA is calculated by subtracting, the cost of funds used to finance or investment from its after-tax-operations profits. Stakeholders are group such as employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, owners and others who have a direct economic link to the firm. A firm with a stakeholder focus consciously avoids actions that would prove detrimental to stakeholders. The goal is not to maximize stakeholder well being but to preserve it. It is expected to provide long run benefit to shareholders by maintaining positive stakeholder relationships. Such relationship should minimize stakeholder turnover, conflicts and litigation. Clearly, the firm can better achieve its goal of shareholder wealth minimization by maintaining cooperation with other stakeholders rather than having conflict with them. 1. 3 After assessing the possible sources of finance, you must choose a source(s)that would be appropriate for Fort Sport Ltd. You are required to: Evaluate benefits of different sources for Fort Sport Ltd Match term of finance to term of project As above mentioned prefer Option Number 5 (from my answer for question number 1 . ) where we do not give too much power to an outside entity such as an outside investor group as the Beneath Group but still get them involved in a smaller scale and in the same time offer a Percentage of Ownership package for our own managers, employees, families and friendly private investors. In this way the original ownership would not get out of power as they could keep still their ownership even over 50% and the rest could be offered combined to The Beneath Group and employees, etc. The Beneath Group would become as a partner and the risk of bankruptcy would get to the minimum if we get financially involved our employees as well. As earlier stated already if an employee is financially active within the company then it becomes his/her own business interest as well to make our company successful and presumably this will result in strong will among the owners and employees to make the company successful.

The Student Motor Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Student Motor Company - Case Study Example Additionally, each and every individual’s personal moral principles and values also count. Social responsibility on the other hand is the obligation a business has as it aims at maximizing the positive impact of its activities and minimizing the negative impact its operation has on the society in general. Top level management in business today realize that ethical issues can no longer be applied in the context of administrative rules and regulations that must be adhered to and followed by everyone like in the past, it is indeed more than that. Ethics has transformed to become very crucial in determining the success of business with the heightened level of competition (Saviour, Nwachukwu, Faye & James 110). The ethical dilemma of The Student Motor Company The stakeholders of The Student Motor Company from the case study are the customers of the automobiles, the government regulators who come up with the numerous regulations managing the operations of the company and the industr y, various interest groups and the public in addition to each and every individual’s personal moral principles and values. ... Additionally, tests conducted on the automobile reveal that Zinger does not meet emission standards with a check on the EPA standards revealing that the need was to meet the requirements at the sale. Numerous studies further indicate that the customers were most likely to realize the fact that the Zinger pollutes beyond EPA standards after driving the automobile for a year or two. The tests results were forwarded to the highest level of the company management by Mr. Technical, a student motor company engineer. Tests conducted by student’s motor showed installation of the fuel tank above as opposed to behind the rear axle made the vehicle pass the 20-mile per hour rear impact test. Despite these concerns, and recommendations being made to the top management of the company, the company still went ahead to produce the Zinger informed by the fact that the automobile met all the applicable federal standards and compared on safety grounds to other similar cars being produced. Inform ed by this, I believe that the management of Student Motor Company is both morally and legally responsible for Mrs. Gray’s burn death. The responsibility of Student Motor Company for the emission standards for the Zinger My firm has both ethical and social responsibility to prevent known failure which may cause death. The firm is ethically responsible to the customers of Zinger, the government regulators and the numerous interest groups with interest on the firm like the shareholders, the suppliers and the employees. the firm are responsible for communicating to the customers any defects on the firms products that maybe detrimental to the health of the customers and

Computer Hardware Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Computer Hardware - Essay Example 1-4). Among the many hardware in personal computers the most important part for any PC is the memory part and this includes the RAM, or in other words, the Random access Memory. It is known as the random access memory as the user can access any cell of the memory if the rows and columns to the memory are well known to the user (David, Hennessy, and Ashenden, 2004, p. 33). RAM is the memory chip that has millions of small and minute integrated elector circuits on the chip and these are the circuits that are composed of transistors as well as capacitors. A memory cell is created in the Dynamic RAM by pairing the transistor and the capacitor. The storage unit of the memory cell is in bytes and it has been calculated that the memory cell has the capacity to store a byte of the data. During the manufacturing of the RAM memory cells are attached to the Ram in the form of the rows and the columns. The rows in this case are known as wordlines and the columns are known as bitlines. For the working of the Ram a charge is sent through the column which activates the attached transistor within a time period of nano seconds.

Film Adaptation Les Miserables by Victor Hugo Essay Example for Free

Film Adaptation Les Miserables by Victor Hugo Essay Non-Consequentialist theories of morality are best expressed by the character Inspector Javert. His actions are lead by the theory that it is better to lead a life where rules are followed. It is your duty to obey the laws and it is your duty to always act in this manner. Consequences are not to be considered when judging a persons actions (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 46). Inspector Javerts position in society supports his actions. This man must follow the laws set by his government, and lead his community by example. His duty was to carry out the law which are examples of rule absolutes which offer no room for exceptions (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 87). The Inspector becomes obsessed with the capture of Jean ValJean, a criminal who must be caught and brought to justice. The film begins with the story of a man, Jean ValJean, who is first introduced to the viewer in a prison setting, where later you find out he was imprisoned for theft. After serving nine-teen years of punishment in prison for his crime he is then rewarded release on parole. Following his release he encounters another situation where he acts in contrast to those beliefs of a rule utilitarian like Javert. These contrasting characters are examples within their guiding principles. Non-Consequentialist Theories are based on the idea that consequences are not and in fact should not be a factor in determining whether the act is moral or immoral (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 46). Where as consequentialism is based or concerned with consequences. Jean ValJeans guiding principles are more of an act utilitarian who believes that everyone should perform that act which will bring out the greatest good over bad for everyone affected by the act (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 37). Utilitarianism is a form of Consequentialism. Javert is a rule utilitarian where his ideas are that everyone should always follow the rule or rules that will bring greater good. These ide as are contrasting because it is unsure what actions would bring greater good with or without making exceptions to the rules at hand. Javert being an official of the law encourages the importance of law within the film to avoid loosing control within his community. On one hand ValJean broke the law only to avoid the death of starvation. These situations are the basis of the conflicting approaches to morality by each main character in the film. ValJean encounters the Character of Bishop Myriel who offers him a job and teats him kindly despite his criminal background. The Bishop is a positive influence on ValJean. While working for the Bishop, he makes a promise to become a better man and redeem himself only after being caught once again for stealing silverware from the bishop. The Bishop lies to officers only to save ValJean from returning to prison. With the silver that was stolen and now a gift was he only able to accomplish his promise for a better life. ValJeans commitment led him to later became the owner of a factory and the Mayor of his city. There we are first introduced to the character of Fantine. We discover that she has a child, Cossette, who is in care with another family The Thenardiers. Fantine works hard to provide for Cossette at the factory where she is later fired from, which led to her desperate need to make money. Desperate times cause for desperate measures., like Fantine prostituting to as a mean to make money. Fantines unlawful actions lead her to encounter the Inspector Javert. Here is where the feuding theories of morality between Javert and ValJean are once brought to question once again. Should Fantines actions be justified by the idea that prostitution is wrong and unlawful, or is it okay because she must provide for Cossette and her needs? In the end the Mayors position allows Fantine to avoid prison time thus bringing about greatness for her family. His utilitarian approach to the situation causes more conflict with the Inspector who believes she should be inprisoned for breaking the law. More evidence with the personal moral theories conflicting are evident when Jean ValJean promises Fantine that he will take care of her daughter Cossette. He first must escape from Mr. Jovert who is now aware that he is a convict. Javert expressed the idea that a law breaker cannot reform therefore ValJean should not be Mayor. Javert commented on his parents also being criminals when he was a child. Once exposed ValJean escapes once again with Cossette to Paris, where they live in a convent. He feels it is his duty to carry out his promise of a better life. Reparation (prima facie) is a duty mentioned when looking at non-consequential theories (Thiroux, Krasemann, 2012, p. 54). Cossette and ValJean are able to achieve a fulfilled life with security in the city of Paris while at the convent. Cossette ultimately asks to not become a nun and persuades ValJean to live outside the convent. Willing to please Cossette, ValJean agrees to the move. Cossette attracts an admirer while exploring her new surroundings in the character Marius. Marius is a young revolutionary who asks to â€Å"Restore the Republic†. He becomes obsessed and determined to interact with Cossette, very much like he is committed to his revolution. Inspector Javert also resides in Paris where he is the newest Deputy as the reward from exposing the truth about Jean ValJean. The â€Å"cat and mouse game† between Jean ValJean and the Inspector Javert is continued in Paris when he is informed with information about the revolutionists new love interested Cossette. Marius was followed by one of ValJeans informant following the revolutionists. Javert is once again on the hot pursuit to bring ValJean to an end. He is determined to bring justice because it is the right thing for him to do. ValJean unaware of Cossettes relationship with her young suitor opens an opportunity for the Inspector to get close and finally cease the former convict. ValJean now a â€Å"reformed man† refuses to give up without a fight. In the attempt to flee once again ValJean is encountered with the dilemma of Marius and Cossettes relationship. Her relationship is troubled by the increasing resistance from the revolutionists against the Parisian army. With the city barricaded ValJean must return Marius safely to Cossette. In pursuit for Marius the army injures Cossettes love and now ValJean must flee the chaos of the city with the injured Marius. Not before once again encountering the persistant Javert. This is a turn of events that gives ValJean to turn on his predator and kill him. This doesnt happen because ValJean is said to have been merciful towards the Inspector. In the end of this tale the Inspector is surprised by the mercy ValJean showed towards him. The Inspector allowed the convict to aid the Marius to some medical attention and return to his capturer. ValJean also agreed to be turned into the Parisian officials after saving Marius. With Marius alive he would no longer have to worry about his Cossettte. Therefore fulfilling his commitment to Fantine. Upon returning Mr. Javert expressed how his guiding principles to perform his duty the right way brought him confusion when ValJean showed him mercy in the situation of life and death. Death was the only solution the Inspector had in store to this for this ending. Everything ValJean did was justified when the Inspector decided to kill himself. The Inspector never breaking the law himself saw that there were flaws to his guiding principles and could not live with himself no more. Unwilling to face the consequences he saw fit to end his life thus granting ValJean his freedom. He felt his obsession for the capture of the ValJean would see no end and haunt him forever. At this point he acknowledges the fact that ValJean is a reformed man and not an â€Å"animal† thought to have been created while in the prison system. Before ValJean was a â€Å"difficult problem† to the Inspector himself and he needed bring justice to those acts of the former Mayor. Everyday we are faced with the same if not different situations where we are asked to do the â€Å"right thing†. This is very difficult even to those who appeal to be morally or ethically correct. Rules can be to general and only act as a guide to do the greatest of good while avoiding consequences. It is also difficult in the sense that there acts or rules offer no exceptions. The story of Les Miserables proves otherwise. ValJean overcame many difficulties and while his actions may have been unlawful they did affect those around him positively. His actions in the end brought him security and loving relationship with his â€Å"daughter†, Cossette, all while ultimately keeping his promis to the Bishop Myriel and the late Fantine. His actions throughout the film prove that he is indeed a good man despite his criminal background. ValJean accomplishes reformation which seemed impossible to the characteristics of the Inspector. Ciminals should be brought to jusitice, laws are meant to be followed, under no circumstances can the law be flawed, and no exceptions are to be made. These guiding principles for the Inspector shaped his actions throughout this story. ValJeans actions show that his is a honest, caring, and loving man who is rewarded with freedom. He no longer has the fear of being caught by the Inspector and also rewarded with love from his â€Å"daughter†, Cossette. In the film ValJean states that â€Å"Love is the only future God gives us†. The guiding theories to ones ethical and moral dilemmas can be conflicting with those of others. Here we have actions based on the idea of realizing the consequences for your actions first or not thinking about any consequences and acting on what you feel to be right. Rules should always be followed with no exceptions. The belief that one should not be judged or defined by any action in particularly. Rules are important to a society bringing awareness to consequences by ones actions. It is important to not give up on ourselves because we are all capable of reformation if we want it.

Nuclear Warfare :: essays research papers fc

Nuclear Power Problems The effects caused by a nuclear power accident, on the scale of the April 26, 1986 Chernobyl accident, must override any inclination to side with advocates for nuclear power. Surely we have all heard the expression "I’m only human". If we are indeed only human, and consequently prone to error, we could never perfectly manage and contain an energy as potentially destructive as that of nuclear power, without the possibility of a nuclear accident. Furthermore, the wastes generated by nuclear power, when inadvertently released during a nuclear power accident, have been proven to cause malignant diseases and premature death to those who come into contact with them. Additionally, the vegetation threat we rely on for survival is severely affected when radioactive elements are released into the air and water supply during a nuclear accident. Most alarming, however, is the fact that the general public is vastly unaware of its governments’ use of nuclear waste in the development of nuclear weapon. Most of us can remember the bombing of Iwo Jima and the effects the bomb had on the lives of the millions of Japanese that lived within a twenty mile radius of the city. We can see what happened to the second generation: children born with severe informities such as sixteen fingers and three arms; children born with cancer; and children with mental and physical handicaps. The radiation of a bomb doesn’t always cause instant death, but it is a lingering experience. Japanese people, thought to be healthy, got cancer in later life, and had dis-formed children. Consequently, we must not be swayed by advocates urging us to further develop and expand nuclear power. We must, instead, examine the larger picture; the risks associated with this potentially devastating power. The potential for human error causing a nuclear accident can be ascertained by considering the causes and effects of accidents that have already occurred. In 1952 , at Chalk River’s Nuclear Reactor, four control pads were unintentionally removed, causing a partial meltdown of the reactor’s core. In 1957, a fire at the Windscale Pile No. 1 plant, just north of Liverpool, England, resulted in the contamination of 200 square miles of countryside when it was covered with radiation. In 1976, the core of the Lubmin nuclear plant in Greifswald, East Germany nearly melted down when safety systems failed during a fire. In 1979, the ever so famous, Three Mile Island reactor in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania lost coolant in one of its two reactors and a partial meltdown occurred on March 28, 1979.

The Relationship Of Feminism And Anthropology Anthropology Essay

The relationship of feminism and anthropology can convey a new development to the manner descriptive anthropologies are written and done. Lila Abu-Lughod ‘s statement women's rightist descriptive anthropology is an ‘ethnography with adult females at the Centre written for adult females by adult females ‘ can be seen as an attempt to happen a distinguishable manner of making and composing descriptive anthropology. In this essay I will look at the roots of feminism and feminist anthropology. I will so discourse Abu-Lughod ‘s statement and seek to explicate how her statement is good to anthropology and whether it is possible to make research her manner. I will secondly look at the advantages and disadvantages of the statement. I will concentrate on impressions of partial individuality and objectiveness. Finally, I will reason by discoursing some of the issues environing the authorization of adult females, and that although Abu-Lughod ‘s statement does hold some benefits it misses the of import point. I will reason that feminist descriptive anthropology should be used as a political tool for deprived adult females and it should reflect a â€Å" corporate, dialectical procedure of edifice theory through battles for alteration † ( Enslin:1994:545 ) . Feminism can be defined as ‘both a societal motion and a position on society. As a societal motion, it has challenged the historical subordination of adult females and advocated political, societal, and economic equality between the sexes. As a societal and sociological position, it has examined the functions that sex and gender drama in structuring society, every bit good as the mutual function that society dramas in structuring sex and gender ‘ ( Oxford dictionary 2007 ) . There are three chief classs in which the different moving ridges of feminism can be divided. Among the first one which was from 1850 to 1920, during this period most research was carried out by work forces. Feminists aimed to convey the voice of adult females in descriptive anthropology, they gave a different angle on experiences of adult females and the environing events. This brought a new angle because male descriptive anthropologies merely had the chance to interview other work forces e.g. what w ere adult females like. Important figures during this period were P.Kayberry who worked with B.Malinowski at LSE. She focused on faith but she examined work forces and adult females in her work. Traveling on to the 2nd moving ridge of which was from 1920s to 1980s, here the separation between sex and gender was made by of import women's rightists. Sexual activity as nature and gender as civilization. This takes us to the nature civilization duality which is of import when we are concentrating on the subordination of adult females in different societies. The dualities between sex/gender, work/home, men/women, and nature/culture are of import in societal theory for raising arguments. Important figures in the 2nd moving ridge feminism were Margaret Mead she made a batch of part in her work on the diverseness of civilizations here she helped to breakdown the prejudice that was based on constructs of what is natural, and she put more accent on civilization in people ‘s development. Most of import work ‘s of Mead was Coming of Age in Samoa ( 1928 ) . Another of import figure was Eleanor Leacock who was a Marxist feminist anthropologist. She focused on catholicity of fe male subordination and argued against this claim. This 2nd moving ridge of feminism was influenced by a figure of events in history, the 1960s was closely linked to political agitation in Europe and North America, like the anti-Vietnam war motion and the civil rights motion. Feminism was something that grew out of these political events during the sixtiess. Feminism argued that political relations and cognition were closely linked with each other so women's rightists were concerned with cognition and we have to oppugn the cognition that was being given to us. Feminism during 1960s called for the constitution of adult females ‘s authorship, universities, feminist sociology and a feminist political order which would be classless. Feminists became interested in anthropology, because they looked to ethnography as a beginning of information about whether adult females were being dominated everyplace by work forces. What are some of the ways that adult females are populating different societies, was there grounds of equality between work forces and adult females. Did matriarchal societies of all time exist and to acquire the replies to such inquiries they turned to ethnography. This takes us to the issue of descriptive anthropology and what we understand about adult females in different societies. It became obvious that traditional ethnographic work ignored adult females. Some of the issues environing adult females are ; ethnograhies did non speak about adult females ‘s universes, it did non speak about what went on in adult females ‘s lives, what they thought and what their functions were. When we discuss the inquiry are adult females truly subordinated, we realize that we do non cognize much about adult females in different societies. B.Malinowski ‘s work on the Kula did discourse the male function in the exchange of valuables. But during the 1970s Anette Weiner ( 1983 ) went to analyze the same society and she found out adult females are playing an of import function in Trobriand society excessively. Their involved with the Kula, exchanges, rites etc but Malinowski ne'er wrote about it. Female anthropologists of the seventiess would tra vel and look for of import work forces, and so they would analyze their values, their societies, what was of import to them. These anthropologists assumed, that work forces followed male logics in this public/private divide in line with this divide between the domestic and public sphere. They would besides presume that what went on in the populace sphere, economic system, political relations was more of import the domestic side. The construct of objectiveness came to be regarded as a manner of male power. Feminists claimed that scientific ideals of catholicity, eternity, and objectiveness were inherently male-dominated and that the more feminist properties of particularism, empathy and emotionalism were devalued ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . Feminists argued that to take over male domination these female properties had to be given more importance and made clear. Abu-Lughod ‘s ideal manner of making research is when a female ethnographer takes portion in the descriptive anthropology, instead so taking herself, who listens to other adult females ‘s voice and gives histories ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . The female ethnographer is able to make so because although the adult females studied differ from the ethnographer, she portions portion of the individuality of her source. The female research worker therefore has the appropriate â€Å" tools † to understand the other adult female ‘s life ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . this is why harmonizing to Abu-Lughod female descriptive anthropology should be an descriptive anthropology with adult females at the Centre written by and for adult females. Abu-Lughod says that early women's rightist anthropologists did non truly make anything about cognition. They had good purposes but they did n't make much as they were trapped in ways of thought that had been given to them by the masculine nature of the academy.